The majority of antibiotics are produced by marine bacteria from the genus Streptomyces and other closely related genera. In addition to antibiotics, Streptomyces are also a source of anti-cancer drugs, anti-fungal drugs, immunomodulators, ionophores, and herbicides and numerous other molecules. Collectively, these molecules are referred to as secondary metabolites and are synthesized by clusters of genes called biosynthetic gene clusters. While it has long been established that Streptomyces are extremely gifted in the number of bioactive molecules they produce, a study of genome sequences has confirmed their place as a figurative gold-mine for bioactive molecules.

In the recent era pharmacologists and biologists have greater concern in compounds isolated from deep-sea of streptomyces sp due to the challenging habitat the compounds produced by these strains are diverse and versatile in biological activities. So the special issue aims to explore such habitat and find natural products which can combat the most recently emerging health problems which have almost jeopardized our health system.